Ụkpụrụ nke nhazi eserese gụnyere ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu (2300–3000°C), nke na-akpali nhazigharị nke atọm carbon amorphous, nke na-adịghị mma ka ọ bụrụ nhazi kristal graphite nke nwere akụkụ atọ nke thermodynamics. Isi ihe dị na usoro a dị na nhazigharị nke lattice hexagonal site na njikọta SP² nke atọm carbon, nke enwere ike kewaa n'ime usoro atọ:
Ọkwa uto nke microcrystalline (1000–1800°C):
N'ime oke okpomọkụ a, ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha dị na ihe carbon (dịka ọla ndị na-agbaze obere, sọlfọ, na phosphorus) na-amalite ịgbọpụta ma gbanwee, ebe nhazi planar nke oyi akwa carbon na-agbasa nwayọ nwayọ. Ogologo nke microcrystals na-abawanye site na ~1 nanometer mbụ ruo nanomita 10, na-atọ ntọala maka nhazi ọzọ.
Ọkwa Nhazi Akụkụ Atọ (1800–2500°C):
Ka okpomọkụ na-arị elu, nhazi adịghị mma n'etiti oyi akwa carbon na-ebelata, oghere dị n'etiti oyi akwa ahụ na-ebelatakwa nwayọ ruo nanomita 0.343–0.346 (na-eru uru graphite zuru oke nke nanomita 0.335). Ogo graphitization na-abawanye site na 0 ruo 0.9, ihe ahụ na-amalitekwa igosipụta njirimara graphite dị iche iche, dị ka mmụba nke ike eletriki na okpomọkụ.
Ogbo zuru oke nke kristal (2500–3000°C):
N'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu, a na-agbanwegharị obere kristal, a na-arụkwa ọrụ mmezi nke ọma n'etiti ihe ndị dị n'ime ya (dịka oghere na mwepụ) na-aga n'ihu, ebe ọkwa eserese na-eru nso 1.0 (kristal kacha mma). N'oge a, ike eletriki nke ihe ahụ nwere ike ibelata site na ugboro 4-5, ike okpomọkụ na-akawanye mma site na ihe dị ka ugboro 10, oke nke mgbasawanye ahịrị na-ada site na 50-80%, a na-emekwa ka iguzosi ike kemịkalụ dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu.
Ntinye nke ike okpomọkụ dị elu bụ isi ihe na-akpali graphitization, na-emeri ihe mgbochi ike maka nhazi atọm carbon ma na-eme ka mgbanwe site na nhazi mebiri emebi gaa na nhazi edobere. Na mgbakwunye, mgbakwunye nke ihe na-akpali akpali (dị ka boron, iron, ma ọ bụ ferrosilicon) nwere ike ibelata okpomọkụ graphitization ma kwalite mgbasa nke atọm carbon na nhazi lattice. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe ferrosilicon nwere 25% silicon, enwere ike ibelata okpomọkụ graphitization site na 2500–3000°C ruo 1500°C, ebe ọ na-emepụta hexagonal silicon carbide iji nyere aka na nhazi graphite.
Uru ngwa nke graphitization na-egosipụta na mmụba zuru oke nke ihe onwunwe:
- Ọgbakọ eletriki: Mgbe eseresechara ya, ọ na-ebelata nke ukwuu n'ihe na-abụghị ígwè nke nwere ezigbo ọgbakọ eletriki.
- Ọgbakọ Okpomọkụ: Ọgbakọ Okpomọkụ na-akawanye mma site na ihe dị ka ugboro iri, nke na-eme ka ọ dabara adaba maka ojiji njikwa okpomọkụ.
- Nkwụsi Ike Kemịkalụ: A na-eme ka iguzogide oxidation na iguzogide nchara dịkwuo elu, na-agbatị ndụ ọrụ nke ihe ahụ.
- Njirimara Mechanical: Ọ bụ ezie na ike nwere ike ibelata, enwere ike imeziwanye nhazi oghere site na itinye ihe n'ime oghere, ịbawanye njupụta na iguzogide iyi.
- Mmezi Ịdị Ọcha: Ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na-agbanwe agbanwe n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu, na-ebelata ntụ ngwaahịa ihe dị ka ugboro 300 ma na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka ịdị ọcha dị elu.
Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ihe ndị e ji eme ihe na batrị lithium-ion, nhazi eserese bụ isi ihe dị mkpa n'ịkwadebe anodes graphite sịntetik. Site na ọgwụgwọ eserese, njupụta ike, nkwụsi ike okirikiri, na arụmọrụ ọnụego nke ihe anodes na-akawanye mma nke ukwuu, na-emetụta arụmọrụ batrị zuru oke. Ụfọdụ graphite eke na-emekwa ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ dị elu iji mee ka ogo eserese ya dịkwuo mma, si otú a na-eme ka njupụta ike na arụmọrụ mwepụ chaja dịkwuo mma.
Oge ozi: Sep-09-2025