Nkọwa:Onye edemede ahụ na-enyocha mmepụta coke agịga na ọnọdụ oriri na mba anyị, atụmanya nke ngwa ya na graphite electrode na atụmanya ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị mma, iji mụọ ihe ịma aka mmepe nke coke nke agịga mmanụ, gụnyere akụrụngwa akụrụngwa dị ụkọ, ịdị mma adịghị elu, ogologo okirikiri na nyocha ngwa ngwa, na-abawanye nyocha nke ngalaba ngwaahịa, ngwa, usoro arụmọrụ, dị ka mmepe nke ahịa ahịa.
Dị ka ụzọ dị iche iche nke akụrụngwa si dị, enwere ike kewaa coke agịga n'ime coke agịga mmanụ na coke coal agịga. A na-eme coke agịga mmanụ tumadi site na slurry FCC site na nnụcha, hydrodesulfurization, coking na-egbu oge na calcination. Usoro a dị mgbagwoju anya ma nwee ọdịnaya teknụzụ dị elu. Mkpa coke agịga nwere njirimara nke carbon dị elu, sọlfọ dị ala, nitrogen dị ala, obere uyi na ihe ndị ọzọ, ma nwee ihe pụrụ iche nke electrochemical na n'ibu mgbe graphitization gasịrị. Ọ bụ ụdị anisotropic elu-ọgwụgwụ carbon ihe na mfe graphitization.
A na-ejikarị agịga coke eme ihe maka ultra high power graphite electrode, na lithium ion batrị cathode ihe, dị ka "carbon peak", "carbon neutral" ebumnuche atụmatụ, mba na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite ígwè na ígwè na ụgbọ ala ụlọ ọrụ mgbanwe na nkwalite nke ulo oru nhazi nhazi na kwalite ngwa nke ike na-azọpụta obere carbon na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nkà na ụzụ nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi, iji kwalite ngwa ngwa nke ọkụ eletrik na-achọ ọkụ eletrik ọhụrụ. Coke na-etokwa ngwa ngwa. N'ọdịnihu, ụlọ ọrụ mgbada nke coke agịga ka ga-enwe ọganihu nke ukwuu. Isiokwu a na-enyocha ọnọdụ ngwa na atụmanya nke agịga coke na graphite electrode na anode, ma na-ebute ihe ịma aka na ihe mgbochi maka mmepe ahụike nke ụlọ ọrụ coke agịga.
1. Nyocha nke mmepụta na ntinye ntụziaka nke coke agịga
1.1 Mmepụta coke agịga
A na-etinyekarị mmepụta coke agịga na mba ole na ole dịka China, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea na Japan. N'afọ 2011, ikike mmepụta coke coke zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ihe dị ka 1200kt / a, nke ikike mmepụta China bụ 250kt / a, na e nwere nanị ndị China anọ na-emepụta coke coke. Ka ọ na-erule 2021, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Sinfern Information si kwuo, ike mmepụta coke coke zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abawanye ruo ihe dị ka 3250kt/a, na mmepụta nke coke coke na China ga-abawanye ruo ihe dịka 2240kt / a, na-aza 68.9% nke ikike mmepụta ụwa, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-emepụta coke na China ga-abawanye ruo 21.
Tebụl 1 na-egosi ikike mmepụta nke ndị na-emepụta coke coke 10 kacha elu n'ụwa, yana ngụkọta mmepụta nke 2130kt / a, na-aza 65.5% nke ikike mmepụta ụwa. Site n'ụzọ zuru ụwa ọnụ ike mmepụta nke agịga coke ụlọ ọrụ, mmanụ usoro agịga coke na-emepụta n'ozuzu nwere dịtụ nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ, nkezi mmepụta ike nke otu osisi bụ 100 ~ 200kt / a, coal usoro agịga coke mmepụta ike bụ naanị banyere 50kT / a.
N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, ikike mmepụta coke agịga zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-aga n'ihu na-abawanye, mana ọkachasị site na China. China ezubere na nke a na-ewu ikike imepụta agịga coke bụ ihe dịka 430kT / a, ọnọdụ ikike karịrị akarị na-akawanye njọ. Na mpụga China, ike coke agịga kwụsiri ike, ebe ụlọ ọrụ refinery Russia OMSK na-eme atụmatụ iwu otu coke coke 38kt/a agịga na 2021.
Ihe osise 1 na-egosi mmepụta nke coke agịga na China na afọ 5 na-adịbeghị anya. Dị ka a na-ahụ na eserese 1, mmepụta coke agịga na China enwetawo uto mgbawa, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto eto kwa afọ nke 45% na afọ 5. Na 2020, ngụkọta mmepụta nke coke coke na China ruru 517kT, gụnyere 176kT nke usoro coal na 341kT nke usoro mmanụ.
1.2 Mbubata coke agịga
Ọnụọgụ 2 na-egosi ọnọdụ mbubata nke coke agịga na China na afọ 5 na-adịbeghị anya. Dị ka a na-ahụ site na onyonyo 2, tupu ntiwapụ nke COVID-19, oke mbubata coke coke na China mụbara nke ukwuu, rute 270kT na 2019, ndekọ dị elu. N'afọ 2020, n'ihi ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke coke agịga ebubata, mbelata asọmpi, nnukwu ngwa ahịa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, yana site na ntiwapụ nke ọrịa na-aga n'ihu na Europe na United States, mbubata China nke coke coke na 2020 bụ naanị 132kt, gbadara 51% kwa afọ. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, na coke agịga ebubata na 2020, coke agịga mmanụ bụ 27.5kT, gbadara 82.93% afọ n'afọ; Coal tụrụ agịga coke 104.1kt, 18.26% karịa afọ gara aga, isi ihe kpatara ya bụ na njem ụgbọ mmiri nke Japan na South Korea na-enwechaghị ọrịa na-efe efe, nke abụọ, ọnụahịa nke ngwaahịa ụfọdụ sitere na Japan na South Korea dị ala karịa nke ngwaahịa ndị yiri ya na China, na usoro iwu ala dị ukwuu.
1.3 Ntuziaka ngwa nke coke agịga
agịga coke bụ ụdị elu-ọgwụgwụ ihe carbon, nke a na-ejikarị dị ka akụrụngwa maka mmepụta nke ultra-high ike graphite electrode na artificial graphite anode ihe. Ebe ngwa ngwa kachasị mkpa bụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ na batrị ike maka ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ.
FIG. 3 na-egosi usoro ngwa nke coke agịga na China na afọ 5 na-adịbeghị anya. Graphite electrode bụ mpaghara ngwa kachasị ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ uto nke ọchịchọ na-abanyekwa n'ogo dị larịị, ebe ihe electrode na-adịghị mma na-aga n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa. Na 2020, ngụkọta oriri coke agịga na China (gụnyere oriri ngwaahịa) bụ 740kT, nke 340kT nke ihe na-adịghị mma na 400kt nke electrode graphite na-eri, na-aza 45% nke oriri ihe na-adịghị mma.
2.1 Mmepe nke eAF nchara
Ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè bụ isi ihe na-emepụta carbon carbon na China. Enwere ụzọ abụọ bụ isi mmepụta ígwè na ígwè: ọkụ ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ eletrik. N'ime ha, igwe ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ eletrik nwere ike ibelata ikuku carbon site na 60%, ma nwee ike ịghọta nrụgharị nke akụrụngwa nchara ma belata ịdabere na mbubata ígwè. Ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè na-atụ aro ka ha buru ụzọ nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke "carbon peak" na "nọpụ iche nke carbon" site na 2025. N'okpuru nduzi nke iwu ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè nke mba, a ga-enwe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke osisi ígwè iji dochie ihe ntụgharị na ihe ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ eletrik.
N'afọ 2020, mmepụta nchara nke China bụ 1054.4mt, nke mmepụta nke eAF ígwè dị ihe dị ka 96Mt, na-aza naanị 9.1% nke ngụkọta nchara, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 18% nke nkezi ụwa, 67% nke United States, 39% nke European Union, na 22% nke ụlọ ọrụ EAF. Dika akwukwo nke "Ntuziaka maka ịkwalite mmepe nke ígwè na ígwè dị elu" nke Ministry of Industry and Information Technology nyere na Disemba 31, 2020, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mmepụta ígwè eAF na mkpokọta nchara nchara kwesịrị ịbawanye ruo 15% ~ 20% site na 2025. Mmụba nke eAF ígwè mmepụta ga-abawanye ụbara ike nke ọkụ eletrik. Usoro mmepe nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ eletrik dị elu na nke buru ibu, nke na-ebute nnukwu ọchịchọ maka nkọwapụta dị ukwuu na ultra-high power graphite electrode.
2.2 mmepụta ọnọdụ nke graphite electrode
Eletrọd graphite bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ịkpụ nchara eAF. Ọnụọgụ 4 na-egosi ikike mmepụta na mmepụta nke electrode graphite na China na afọ 5 na-adịbeghị anya. Ike mmepụta nke electrode graphite abawanyela site na 1050kT /a na 2016 ruo 2200kt/a na 2020, yana ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 15.94%. Ndị a afọ ise bụ oge nke ngwa ngwa ibu nke graphite electrode mmepụta ikike, na-agba ọsọ okirikiri nke ngwa ngwa mmepe nke graphite electrode ụlọ ọrụ. Tupu 2017, graphite electrode ụlọ ọrụ dị ka a omenala n'ichepụta ụlọ ọrụ na elu ike oriri na elu mmetọ, nnukwu ụlọ graphite electrode ụlọ ọrụ belata mmepụta, obere na ọkara-sized graphite electrode ụlọ ọrụ ihu mmechi, na ọbụna mba electrode Refeyim ga-akwụsị mmepụta, resell na ụzọ ọpụpụ. Na 2017, mmetụta na chụpụrụ site na mba nhazi amụma nke mmanye mkpochapụ nke "ụlọ mmanya nchara", price nke graphite electrode na China bilitere sharply. N'ịkwalite site na oke uru, ahịa graphite electrode webatara n'ọtụtụ ikike ịmaliteghachi na mgbasawanye.
Na 2019, mmepụta nke graphite electrode na China ruru elu ọhụrụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na-eru 1189kT. N'afọ 2020, mmepụta nke electrode graphite belatara ruo 1020kT n'ihi ike adịghị ike nke ọrịa ahụ kpatara. Mana n'ozuzu ya, ụlọ ọrụ elektrọn graphite nke China nwere ikike karịrị nke ukwuu, yana ọnụego ojiji ejiri belata site na 70% na 2017 ruo 46% na 2020, ọnụego ojiji ikike dị ala ọhụrụ.
2.3 Achọ nyocha nke coke agịga na ụlọ ọrụ electrode graphite
Mmepe nke eAF ígwè ga-eme ka ọchịchọ maka ultra-high power graphite electrode. A na-eme atụmatụ na ọchịchọ maka electrode graphite ga-abụ ihe dịka 1300kt na 2025, na ọchịchọ maka coke raw agịga ga-abụ ihe dịka 450kT. N'ihi na na mmepụta nke nnukwu size na ultra-high ike graphite electrode na nkwonkwo, mmanụ dabeere agịga coke dị mma karịa coal dabeere agịga coke, nkezi nke graphite electrode si achọ mmanụ dabeere agịga coke ga-n'ihu na-abawanye, occupying ahịa ohere nke coal dabeere agịga coke.
Oge nzipu: Mar-23-2022