Nkọwa:Onye edemede ahụ na-enyocha mmepụta coke agịga na ọnọdụ oriri na obodo anyị, atụmanya nke ngwa ya na graphite electrode na eletrọd na-adịghị mma nke ụlọ ọrụ, na-amụ ihe ịma aka mmepe nke agịga mmanụ coke, gụnyere akụrụngwa akụrụngwa dị mkpụmkpụ, ogo dị mma. adịghị elu, ogologo okirikiri na nleba anya ngwa ngwa, mụbaa nyocha nke ngalaba ngwaahịa, ngwa, usoro arụmọrụ, dị ka ọmụmụ mkpakọrịta iji zụlite ahịa dị elu.
Dị ka ụzọ dị iche iche nke akụrụngwa si dị, enwere ike kewaa coke agịga n'ime coke agịga mmanụ na coke coal agịga. A na-eme coke agịga mmanụ tumadi site na slurry FCC site na nnụcha, hydrodesulfurization, coking na-egbu oge na calcination. Usoro a dị mgbagwoju anya ma nwee ọdịnaya teknụzụ dị elu. Mkpa coke agịga nwere njirimara nke carbon dị elu, sọlfọ dị ala, nitrogen dị ala, obere uyi na ihe ndị ọzọ, ma nwee ihe pụrụ iche nke electrochemical na n'ibu mgbe graphitization gasịrị. Ọ bụ ụdị anisotropic elu-ọgwụgwụ carbon ihe na mfe graphitization.
A na-ejikarị agịga coke maka ultra high power graphite electrode, na lithium ion batrị cathode ihe, dị ka "carbon peak", "carbon neutral" ebumnobi ebumnuche, mba na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite ígwè na ígwè na akpaaka ụlọ ọrụ mgbanwe na nkwalite nke ulo oru owuwu. mmezi na ịkwalite ngwa nke ike ịchekwa obere carbon na teknụzụ nchebe gburugburu ebe obibi ndụ ndụ, iji kwalite ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ eletrik na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ, Achọ maka coke raw agịga na-etokwa ngwa ngwa. N'ọdịnihu, ụlọ ọrụ mgbada nke coke agịga ka ga-enwe ọganihu nke ukwuu. Isiokwu a na-enyocha ọnọdụ ngwa na atụmanya nke agịga coke na graphite electrode na anode, ma na-ebute ihe ịma aka na ihe mgbochi maka mmepe ahụike nke ụlọ ọrụ coke agịga.
1. Nyocha nke mmepụta na ntinye ntụziaka nke coke agịga
1.1 Mmepụta coke agịga
A na-etinyekarị mmepụta coke agịga na mba ole na ole dịka China, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea na Japan. N'afọ 2011, ikike mmepụta coke coke zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ihe dị ka 1200kt / a, nke ikike mmepụta China bụ 250kt / a, na e nwere nanị ndị China anọ na-emepụta coke coke. Ka ọ na-erule 2021, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Sinfern Information si kwuo, ikike mmepụta coke coke zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-abawanye ruo ihe dịka 3250kt/a, na mmepụta nke coke coke na China ga-abawanye ruo ihe dịka 2240kt/a, na-aza 68.9% nke ụwa dum. ikike mmepụta, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-emepụta coke coke nke China ga-abawanye ruo 21.
Tebụl 1 na-egosi ikike mmepụta nke ndị na-emepụta coke coke 10 kacha elu n'ụwa, yana ngụkọta mmepụta nke 2130kt / a, na-aza 65.5% nke ikike mmepụta ụwa. Site n'ụzọ zuru ụwa ọnụ ike mmepụta nke agịga coke ụlọ ọrụ, mmanụ usoro agịga coke na-emepụta n'ozuzu nwere dịtụ nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ, nkezi mmepụta ike nke otu osisi bụ 100 ~ 200kt / a, coal usoro agịga coke mmepụta ikike bụ naanị banyere 50kT / a.
N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, ikike mmepụta coke agịga zuru ụwa ọnụ ga-aga n'ihu na-abawanye, mana ọkachasị site na China. China ezubere na nke a na-ewu ikike imepụta agịga coke bụ ihe dịka 430kT / a, ọnọdụ ikike karịrị akarị na-akawanye njọ. Na mpụga China, ike coke agịga kwụsiri ike, ebe ụlọ ọrụ refinery Russia OMSK na-eme atụmatụ iwu otu coke coke 38kt/a agịga na 2021.
Ihe osise 1 na-egosi mmepụta nke coke agịga na China na afọ 5 na-adịbeghị anya. Dị ka a na-ahụ na eserese 1, mmepụta coke agịga na China enwetawo uto mgbawa, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto eto kwa afọ nke 45% na afọ 5. Na 2020, ngụkọta mmepụta nke coke coke na China ruru 517kT, gụnyere 176kT nke usoro coal na 341kT nke usoro mmanụ.
1.2 Mbubata coke agịga
Ọnụọgụ 2 na-egosi ọnọdụ mbubata nke coke agịga na China na afọ 5 na-adịbeghị anya. Dị ka a na-ahụ site na onyonyo 2, tupu ntiwapụ nke COVID-19, oke mbubata coke coke na China mụbara nke ukwuu, rute 270kT na 2019, ndekọ dị elu. N'afọ 2020, n'ihi ọnụ ahịa coke agịga na-ebubata, mbelata asọmpi, nnukwu ngwa ahịa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, yana n'ihi ntiwapụ nke ọrịa na-aga n'ihu na Europe na United States, mbubata coke coke nke China na 2020 bụ naanị 132kt, gbadara 51% afọ na afọ. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, na coke agịga ebubata na 2020, coke agịga mmanụ bụ 27.5kT, gbadara 82.93% afọ n'afọ; Coal tụrụ agịga coke 104.1kt, 18.26% karịa afọ gara aga, isi ihe kpatara ya bụ na njem ụgbọ mmiri nke Japan na South Korea emetụtaghị ọrịa ahụ, nke abụọ, ọnụahịa nke ngwaahịa ụfọdụ sitere na Japan na South Korea dị ala karịa nke ahụ. nke ngwaahịa ndị yiri ya na China, na usoro iwu ala dị ukwuu.
1.3 Ntuziaka ngwa nke coke agịga
agịga coke bụ ụdị elu-ọgwụgwụ ihe carbon, nke a na-ejikarị dị ka akụrụngwa maka mmepụta nke ultra-high ike graphite electrode na artificial graphite anode ihe. Ebe ngwa ngwa kachasị mkpa bụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ eletrik na-arụ ọrụ na batrị ike maka ụgbọ ala ume ọhụrụ.
FIG. 3 na-egosi usoro ngwa nke coke agịga na China na afọ 5 na-adịbeghị anya. Graphite electrode bụ mpaghara ngwa kachasị ukwuu, ọnụ ọgụgụ uto nke ọchịchọ na-abanyekwa n'ogo dị larịị, ebe ihe electrode na-adịghị mma na-aga n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa. Na 2020, ngụkọta oriri coke agịga na China (gụnyere oriri ngwaahịa) bụ 740kT, nke 340kT nke ihe na-adịghị mma na 400kt nke electrode graphite na-eri, na-aza 45% nke oriri ihe na-adịghị mma.
2.1 Mmepe nke eAF nchara
Ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè bụ isi ihe na-emepụta carbon carbon na China. Enwere ụzọ abụọ bụ isi mmepụta ígwè na ígwè: ọkụ ọkụ na ọkụ ọkụ eletrik. N'ime ha, igwe ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ eletrik nwere ike ibelata ikuku carbon site na 60%, ma nwee ike ịghọta nrụgharị nke akụrụngwa nchara ma belata ịdabere na mbubata ígwè. Ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè na-atụ aro ibute ụzọ n'imezu ebumnuche nke "carbon peak" na "nọpụ iche carbon" site na 2025. N'okpuru nduzi nke iwu ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè nke mba, a ga-enwe ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke osisi ígwè iji dochie anya. ihe ntụgharị na mgbawa ọkụ igwe nwere ọkụ arc eletrik.
N'afọ 2020, mmepụta nchara nke China bụ 1054.4mt, nke mmepụta nke eAF ígwè dị ihe dị ka 96Mt, na-aza naanị 9.1% nke ngụkọta nchara, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 18% nke nkezi ụwa, 67% nke United States, 39 % nke European Union, yana 22% nke igwe EAF nke Japan, enwere nnukwu ohere maka ọganihu. Dabere na usoro "Ntuziaka maka ịkwalite mmepe dị elu nke ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè" nke Ministry of Industry and Information Technology nyere na Disemba 31, 2020, a ga-abawanye nha nke mmepụta ígwè eAF na mkpokọta nchara nchara ruo 15. % ~ 20% site na 2025. Mmụba nke mmepụta ígwè eAF ga-abawanye nke ukwuu ọchịchọ maka ultra-high ike graphite electrodes. Usoro mmepe nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ eletrik dị elu na nke buru ibu, nke na-ebute nnukwu ọchịchọ maka nkọwapụta dị ukwuu na ultra-high power graphite electrode.
2.2 mmepụta ọnọdụ nke graphite electrode
Eletrọd graphite bụ ihe dị mkpa maka ịkpụ nchara eAF. Ọnụọgụ 4 na-egosi ikike mmepụta na mmepụta nke electrode graphite na China na afọ 5 na-adịbeghị anya. Ike mmepụta nke electrode graphite abawanyela site na 1050kT /a na 2016 ruo 2200kt/a na 2020, yana ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 15.94%. Ndị a afọ ise bụ oge nke ngwa ngwa ibu nke graphite electrode mmepụta ikike, na-agba ọsọ okirikiri nke ngwa ngwa mmepe nke graphite electrode ụlọ ọrụ. Tupu 2017, ndị graphite electrode ụlọ ọrụ dị ka a omenala n'ichepụta ụlọ ọrụ na elu ike oriri na elu mmetọ, nnukwu ụlọ graphite electrode ụlọ ọrụ belata mmepụta, obere na ọkara-sized graphite electrode ụlọ ọrụ ihu mmechi, na ọbụna mba electrode Refeyim ga-akwụsị mmepụta. rere na pụọ. Na 2017, mmetụta na chụpụrụ site na mba nhazi amụma nke mmanye mkpochapụ nke "ụlọ mmanya nchara", price nke graphite electrode na China bilitere sharply. N'ịkwalite site na oke uru, ahịa graphite electrode webatara n'ọtụtụ ikike ịmaliteghachi na mgbasawanye.
Na 2019, mmepụta nke graphite electrode na China ruru elu ọhụrụ n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, na-eru 1189kT. N'afọ 2020, mmepụta nke electrode graphite belatara ruo 1020kT n'ihi ike adịghị ike nke ọrịa ahụ kpatara. Mana n'ozuzu ya, ụlọ ọrụ elektrọn graphite nke China nwere ikike karịrị nke ukwuu, yana ọnụego ojiji ejiri belata site na 70% na 2017 ruo 46% na 2020, ọnụego ojiji ikike dị ala ọhụrụ.
2.3 Achọ nyocha nke coke agịga na ụlọ ọrụ electrode graphite
Mmepe nke eAF ígwè ga-eme ka ọchịchọ maka ultra-high power graphite electrode. A na-eme atụmatụ na ọchịchọ maka electrode graphite ga-abụ ihe dịka 1300kt na 2025, na ọchịchọ maka coke raw agịga ga-abụ ihe dịka 450kT. N'ihi na na mmepụta nke nnukwu size na ultra-high ike graphite electrode na nkwonkwo, mmanụ dabeere agịga coke dị mma karịa coal dabeere agịga coke, nkezi nke graphite electrode chọrọ mmanụ dabeere agịga coke ga-n'ihu mụbaa, bi na ohere ahịa nke coke agịga dabere na coal.
Oge nzipu: Mar-23-2022