Nchịkọta:Onye edemede ahụ na-enyocha mmepụta na ọnọdụ oriri nke coke agịga na mba anyị, atụmanya nke ojiji ya na electrode graphite na atụmanya ụlọ ọrụ ihe electrode na-adịghị mma, iji mụọ ihe ịma aka mmepe coke mmanụ agịga, gụnyere akụrụngwa ihe ndị dị mkpa dị ụkọ, ịdị mma adịghị elu, okirikiri ogologo na nyocha ngwa oke, mụbaa nyocha nkewa ngwaahịa, ngwa, nha arụmọrụ, dị ka ọmụmụ njikọ iji mepụta ahịa dị elu.
Dịka isi mmalite dị iche iche nke ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe si dị, enwere ike kewaa coke agịga n'ime coke agịga mmanụ na coke agịga coal. A na-ejikarị FCC slurry emepụta coke agịga mmanụ site na ime ka ọ dị ọcha, hydrodesulfurization, coking na calcination. Usoro a dị mgbagwoju anya ma nwee nnukwu teknụzụ. Coke agịga nwere njirimara nke nnukwu carbon, obere sulfur, obere nitrogen, obere ntụ na ihe ndị ọzọ, ma nwee nnukwu electrochemical na mechanical mgbe graphitization gasịrị. Ọ bụ ụdị ihe carbon dị elu anisotropic nwere graphitization dị mfe.
A na-ejikarị agịga coke eme ihe maka elektrọd graphite ike dị elu, yana ihe ndị dị ka "oke carbon", "anaghị echekwa carbon", mba dị iche iche na-aga n'ihu na-akwalite mgbanwe ígwè na ígwè na ụgbọala na mmezi nke nhazi ụlọ ọrụ ma na-akwalite ojiji nke obere carbon na teknụzụ nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-echekwa ike, iji kwalite mmepụta ígwè ọkụ eletrik na mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụgbọ ala ike ọhụrụ. Ọchịchọ maka agịga coke raw na-etokwa ngwa ngwa. N'ọdịnihu, ụlọ ọrụ agịga coke ka ga-enwe ọganihu dị ukwuu. Isiokwu a na-enyocha ọnọdụ ngwa na atụmanya nke agịga coke na graphite electrode na ihe anode, ma na-egosi ihe ịma aka na ihe mgbochi maka mmepe ahụike nke ụlọ ọrụ agịga coke.
1. Nyocha nke mmepụta na ụzọ mmiri nke coke agịga
1.1 Mmepụta nke agịga coke
A na-emepụta coke n'ọtụtụ mba dịka China, United States, United Kingdom, South Korea na Japan. Na 2011, ikike mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke coke n'ime ụwa dị ihe dị ka 1200kt/a, nke ikike mmepụta nke China bụ 250kt/a, e nwekwara naanị ndị na-emepụta coke n'ime China anọ. Ka ọ na-erule 2021, dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Sinfern Information si kwuo, ikike mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke coke n'ime ụwa ga-abawanye ruo ihe dị ka 3250kt/a, ikike mmepụta nke coke n'ime China ga-abawanye ruo ihe dị ka 2240kt/a, nke ga-abụ 68.9% nke ikike mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọnụọgụ ndị na-emepụta coke n'ime China ga-abawanye ruo 21.
Tebụl nke 1 na-egosi ikike mmepụta nke ndị nrụpụta coke iri kachasị elu n'ụwa, nwere ikike mmepụta zuru oke nke 2130kt/a, nke na-aza 65.5% nke ikike mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ. Site n'echiche nke ikike mmepụta zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụlọ ọrụ coke agịga, ndị na-emepụta coke agịga mmanụ na-enwekarị nnukwu nha, nkezi ikike mmepụta nke otu ụlọ ọrụ bụ 100 ~ 200kt/a, ikike mmepụta coal agịga coal bụ naanị ihe dị ka 50kT/a.
N'ime afọ ole na ole sochirinụ, ikike mmepụta coke n'ụwa niile ga-anọgide na-amụba, mana ọ bụ China ka ọ na-esi. Ike mmepụta coke n'oge a na-eme atụmatụ na nke a na-arụ n'oge a na China dị ihe dị ka 430kT /a, ọnọdụ oke ibu na-akawanye njọ. N'èzí China, ikike coke n'ime ya kwụsiri ike, ebe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe OMSK nke Russia na-eme atụmatụ iwulite nkeji coke n'ime 38kt /a na 2021.
Foto nke 1 na-egosi mmepụta nke agịga coke na China n'ime afọ ise gara aga. Dịka a pụrụ ịhụ site na Foto nke 1, mmepụta agịga coke na China enwetala uto dị egwu, yana mmụba nke mkpokọta kwa afọ nke 45% n'ime afọ ise. Na 2020, mkpokọta mmepụta nke agịga coke na China ruru 517kT, gụnyere 176kT nke usoro coal na 341kT nke usoro mmanụ.
1.2 Mbubata nke ọgwụ coke
Foto nke 2 na-egosi ọnọdụ mbubata nke ọgwụ mgbochi na China n'ime afọ ise gara aga. Dịka a pụrụ ịhụ site na Foto nke 2, tupu ọrịa COVID-19 apụta, olu nke ọgwụ mgbochi na China mụbara nke ukwuu, ruo 270kT na 2019, nke bụ ọkwa dị elu. Na 2020, n'ihi ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke ọgwụ mgbochi na-ebubata, mbelata asọmpi, nnukwu ngwa ahịa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na mmụba nke ọrịa na-efe efe na Europe na United States, olu nke ọgwụ mgbochi na China na 2020 bụ naanị 132kt, belata 51% kwa afọ. Dịka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, na ọgwụ mgbochi na China na 2020, ọgwụ mgbochi na-ebubata mmanụ bụ 27.5kT, belata 82.93% kwa afọ; Ngụkọta coal needle coke 104.1kt, nke karịrị 18.26% karịa afọ gara aga, isi ihe kpatara ya bụ na ọrịa a anaghị emetụta ụgbọ mmiri Japan na South Korea nke ukwuu, nke abụọ bụ na ọnụ ahịa ụfọdụ ngwaahịa sitere na Japan na South Korea dị ala karịa nke ngwaahịa ndị yiri ya na China, ọnụ ahịa nke ngwaahịa ndị a na-ere na China dịkwa oke elu.
1.3 Ntuziaka ojiji nke agịga coke
Agụba coke bụ ụdị ihe e ji eme ka carbon dị elu, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe e ji emepụta elektrọd graphite ike dị elu na ihe e ji eme graphite anode arụrụ arụ. Ihe ndị kacha mkpa e ji eme ihe bụ ígwè na-emepụta ihe n'ọkụ eletrik na batrị ike maka ụgbọala ike ọhụrụ.
FIG. 3 na-egosi usoro ojiji nke agịga coke na China n'ime afọ ise gara aga. Electrode graphite bụ ebe kachasị ukwuu n'iji ya, mmụba nke ọchịchọ na-abanyekwa n'ọkwa dị larịị, ebe ihe electrode na-adịghị mma na-aga n'ihu na-eto ngwa ngwa. Na 2020, mkpokọta oriri nke agịga coke na China (gụnyere oriri ngwa ahịa) bụ 740kT, nke 340kT nke ihe na-adịghị mma na 400kt nke electrode graphite riri, nke na-aza 45% nke oriri nke ihe na-adịghị mma.
2.1 Mmepe nke imepụta ígwè eAF
Ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè bụ isi na-emepụta ikuku carbon na China. E nwere ụzọ abụọ isi emepụta ígwè na ígwè: ọkụ blast na ọkụ eletriki. N'ime ha, ime ígwè na ọkụ eletriki nwere ike ibelata ikuku carbon site na 60%, ma nwee ike imegharị ihe onwunwe ígwè ndị a gbajiri agbaji ma belata ịdabere na mbubata ígwè. Ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè tụrụ aro ibute ụzọ n'imezu ebumnuche nke "oke carbon" na "nnọpụiche carbon" site na 2025. N'okpuru nduzi nke amụma ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na ígwè mba, a ga-enwe ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ígwè iji dochie ọkụ eletrik na ọkụ eletrik.
N'afọ 2020, mmepụta ígwè eAF dị na China bụ 1054.4mt, nke mmepụta ígwè eAF dị ihe dị ka 96Mt, nke na-aza naanị 9.1% nke ngụkọta ígwè e rere ure, ma e jiri ya tụnyere 18% nke nkezi ụwa, 67% nke United States, 39% nke European Union, na 22% nke ígwè EAF nke Japan, enwere nnukwu ohere maka ọganihu. Dịka edemede nke "Nduzi maka Ịkwalite Mmepe dị elu nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Iron na Steel" nke Ministry of Industry and Information Technology wepụtara na Disemba 31, 2020 si kwuo, oke nke mmepụta ígwè eAF na mkpokọta mmepụta ígwè e rere ure kwesịrị ịbawanye ruo 15% ~ 20% ka ọ na-erule 2025. Mmụba nke mmepụta ígwè eAF ga-eme ka ọchịchọ maka electrodes graphite ike dị elu nke ukwuu. Usoro mmepe nke ọkụ eletrik eletrik dị n'ime ụlọ dị elu ma buru ibu, nke na-eme ka ọchịchọ ka ukwuu maka nkọwapụta buru ibu na electrode graphite ike dị elu nke ukwuu.
2.2 Ọnọdụ mmepụta nke elektrọd graphite
Electrode graphite bụ ihe dị mkpa maka imepụta ígwè eAF. Foto nke 4 na-egosi ikike mmepụta na mmepụta nke electrode graphite na China n'ime afọ ise gara aga. Ike mmepụta nke electrode graphite amụbaala site na 1050kT /a na 2016 ruo 2200kt/a na 2020, yana ọnụego uto kwa afọ nke 15.94%. Afọ ise a bụ oge uto ngwa ngwa nke ikike mmepụta electrode graphite, yana usoro mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ electrode graphite. Tupu 2017, ụlọ ọrụ electrode graphite dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ọdịnala nwere oke oriri ike na mmetọ dị elu, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ electrode graphite dị n'ime ụlọ na-ebelata mmepụta, obere na ọkara ụlọ ọrụ electrode graphite na-eche mmechi ihu, ọbụnakwa nnukwu electrode mba ụwa ga-akwụsị mmepụta, ree ọzọ na ịpụ. Na 2017, nke amụma nchịkwa mba nke iwepụ "ígwè osisi ala" metụtara ma na-akpali, ọnụahịa electrode graphite na China rịrị elu nke ukwuu. N'ihi uru gabigara ókè kpaliri ya, ahịa electrode graphite butere ebili nke ịmaliteghachi ikike na mgbasawanye.
Na 2019, mmepụta nke electrode graphite na China ruru ọkwa kachasị elu n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ruo 1189kT. Na 2020, mmepụta nke electrode graphite belatara ruo 1020kT n'ihi ike ọgwụgwụ nke ọrịa ahụ kpatara. Mana n'ozuzu, ụlọ ọrụ electrode graphite nke China nwere oke ikike karịrị akarị, ọnụego ojiji belatara site na 70% na 2017 ruo 46% na 2020, ọnụego ojiji obere ikike ọhụrụ.
2.3 Nyocha ọchịchọ nke coke agịga na ụlọ ọrụ elektrọd graphite
Mmepe nke ígwè eAF ga-akpali ọchịchọ maka elektrọd graphite ike dị oke elu. A na-eme atụmatụ na ọchịchọ maka elektrọd graphite ga-adị ihe dị ka 1300kt na 2025, ọchịchọ maka coke agịga raw ga-adị ihe dị ka 450kT. N'ihi na n'imepụta elektrọd graphite na njikọ buru ibu na nke dị oke elu, coke agịga dabere na mmanụ ka mma karịa coke agịga dabere na kol, oke nke ọchịchọ elektrọd graphite maka coke agịga dabere na mmanụ ga-abawanye, na-ejide ohere ahịa nke coke agịga dabere na kol.
Oge ozi: Maachị-23-2022