Ụkpụrụ ọrụ nke elektrọd graphite ultra-high power (UHP) dabere na ihe na-eme ka arc discharge phenomena. Site na iji ike eletriki pụrụ iche ha, iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu, na ihe onwunwe igwe, elektrọd ndị a na-eme ka mgbanwe ike eletriki dị irè ka ọ bụrụ ike okpomọkụ n'ime gburugburu ebe a na-agbaze okpomọkụ dị elu, si otú a na-akwalite usoro metallurgical. N'okpuru ebe a bụ nyocha zuru ezu nke usoro ọrụ ha bụ isi:
1. Ntugharị Arc na Mgbanwe Ike Eletriki ruo na Okpomọkụ
1.1 Usoro Nhazi Arc
Mgbe etinyere elektrọd UHP graphite n'ime ngwa ịgbaze ihe (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọkụ eletriki), ha na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-eduzi ihe. Mwepụ voltaji dị elu na-emepụta arc eletriki n'etiti isi elektrọd na chajị ọkụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ígwè a gbajiri agbaji, ígwè ore). Arc a nwere ọwa plasma na-eduzi ihe nke gas ionization mepụtara, yana okpomọkụ karịrị 3000°C—nke karịrị okpomọkụ ọkụ nkịtị.
1.2 Nnyefe Ike Dị Irè
Okpomọkụ siri ike nke arc na-emepụta na-agbaze chajị ọkụ ọkụ ozugbo. Ike eletriki kachasị elu nke elektrọd (nwere ike iguzogide dị ala dịka 6–8 μΩ·m) na-eme ka obere mfu ike dị n'oge nnyefe, na-eme ka ojiji ike dịkwuo mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na ime ígwè ọkụ eletrik (EAF), elektrọd UHP nwere ike ibelata okirikiri ịgbaze ihe karịrị 30%, na-eme ka mmepụta dịkwuo mma nke ukwuu.
2. Njirimara Ihe na Nkwa Arụmọrụ
2.1 Ịkwụsi Ike n'Ọkụ Okpomọkụ Dị Elu
Ike iguzogide okpomọkụ dị elu nke elektrọd ndị a sitere na nhazi kristal ha: atọm carbon dị larịị na-etolite netwọk njikọ covalent site na njikọta sp², yana njikọ dị n'etiti oyi akwa site na ike van der Waals. Nhazi a na-ejigide ike mekaniki na 3000°C ma na-enye ike iguzogide okpomọkụ pụrụ iche (na-eguzogide mgbanwe okpomọkụ ruo 500°C/min), na-arụ ọrụ karịa elektrọd metal.
2.2 Nguzogide Mgbasawanye na Mmụba Okpomọkụ
Elektrọd UHP na-egosipụta obere ihe nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ (1.2×10⁻⁶/°C), na-ebelata mgbanwe nha na okpomọkụ dị elu ma na-egbochi mgbawa mgbawa n'ihi nrụgide okpomọkụ. A na-emeziwanye iguzogide ha (ike iguzogide mgbanwe plastik n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị elu) site na nhọrọ ihe eji arụ ọrụ coke agịga na usoro nhazi graphitization dị elu, na-eme ka akụkụ kwụsie ike n'oge ọrụ dị elu ogologo oge.
2.3 Nguzogide Oxidation na Corrosion
Site n'itinye ihe ndị na-egbochi oxidation (dịka ọmụmaatụ, borides, silicide) na itinye ihe mkpuchi elu, okpomọkụ mmalite oxidation nke electrodes na-abawanye elu karịa 800°C. Enweghị ike kemịkalụ megide slag agbazere agbaze n'oge ịgbaze na-ebelata oriri electrode gabigara ókè, na-agbatị ndụ ọrụ ruo ugboro 2-3 karịa nke electrodes nkịtị.
3. Ndakọrịta Usoro na Nhazi Sistemụ
3.1 Ike na Njupụta nke Ugbu a
Elektrọd UHP na-akwado njupụta ọkụ eletrik karịrị 50 A/cm². Mgbe ejikọtara ya na transformers nwere ikike dị elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 100 MVA), ha na-eme ka ntinye ike ọkụ nke otu ọkụ dịkwuo elu karịa 100 MW. Nhazi a na-eme ka ọnụego ntinye okpomọkụ dị ngwa ngwa n'oge ịgbaze - dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-ebelata oriri ike kwa tọn silicon na mmepụta ferrosilicon ruo n'okpuru 8000 kWh.
3.2 Nzaghachi Na-agbanwe agbanwe na Njikwa Usoro
Sistemụ ịgbaze ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ na-eji Smart Elektrọde Regulators (SER) iji na-enyocha ọnọdụ elektrọd, mgbanwe ugbu a, na ogologo arc, na-eme ka ọnụego oriri elektrọd dị n'ime 1.5–2.0 kg/t ígwè. Tinyere nlekota ikuku ọkụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, oke CO/CO₂), nke a na-eme ka arụmọrụ njikọ elektrọd-charge dịkwuo mma.
3.3 Njikọta Sistemụ na Mmezi Ike
Ịkwalite elektrọd UHP chọrọ akụrụngwa nkwado, gụnyere sistemụ ike voltaji dị elu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, njikọ kpọmkwem 110 kV), waya ndị a na-eme ka mmiri jụọ oyi, na ngwaọrụ nchịkọta uzuzu dị irè. Teknụzụ mgbake okpomọkụ mkpofu (dịka ọmụmaatụ, njikọta ọkụ eletrik na-anaghị ekpuchi gas) na-ebuli arụmọrụ ike zuru oke ruo ihe karịrị 60%, na-eme ka ojiji ike na-agbaze agbaze.
Nsụgharị a na-ejigide izi ezi teknụzụ ma na-agbaso nkwekọrịta okwu agụmakwụkwọ/ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, na-eme ka ndị na-ege ntị pụrụ iche doo anya.
Oge ozi: Mee-06-2025